The association of body composition and fat distribution with dysmobility syndrome in community-dwelling older adults: Bushehr Elderly Health (BEH) program.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Dysmobility Syndrome (DS) is characterized as an accumulation of clinical risk factors for functional disability, such as osteoporosis, sarcopenia, and obesity. Neurological disorders that affect the motor and sensory systems can also contribute to the condition, resulting in gait and muscle strength disturbances, as well as a history of falls and fractures. The study aimed to determine the association between fat distribution in different body areas and the odds of older adults developing DS, as there is still uncertainty about the accumulation of fat in which area is most closely linked to the condition. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted according to the data from the second phase of the Bushehr Elderly Health Cohort (BEH). Dysmobility Syndrome was defined based on the co-occurrence of at least three outcomes of its criteria. Body composition was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and anthropometric studies. For evaluating the relationship, multivariate logistic regression and adjusted univariate linear regression were used. RESULTS: Of 2,359 who were recruited in the study, 1,277 participants (54.13%) had DS. According to the final logistic regression model in the limb region, FM and FM to FFM ratios were significantly associated with DS [OR (95%CI) = 1.04 (1.02 to 1.05), and 3.42 (1.95 to 5.99), respectively]. Also, In the trunk region, the FM and FM to FFM ratio were significantly related to the odds of DS, although this relationship was weaker than in the limbs region [OR (95%CI) = 1.02 (1.00 to 1.03), and 2.45 (1.36 to 4.39), respectively]. CONCLUSION: Our findings indicate that a higher regional and whole-body amount of fat mass rather than fat-free mass is closely linked to an increased risk of DS, particularly in the elderly population. Notably, higher fat mass in the limbs (especially in the legs) is associated with greater odds of DS, while a higher android-to-gynoid fat mass ratio is associated with lower DS risk. Screening fat mass distribution in older individuals can be a valuable strategy for promptly diagnosing DS, implementing interventions to prevent disabilities, and improving their quality of life.

Research on the influence of yogalates comprehensive rehabilitation training on postoperative recovery of breast cancer patients.

BACKGROUND: In the present study, we analyzed the effects of comprehensive yogalates rehabilitation training on side effects caused by postoperative adjuvant treatment and postoperative physical and mental health in breast cancer patients who had undergone radical mastectomy.The purpose of this investigation was to test the hypothesis that 12 weeks of yogalates training would reduce the peripheral diameter of the upper arm, improve flexibility and posture, and improve sleep quality compared with a non-treated control group. METHODS: 36 women with breast cancer who had undergone radical mastectomy in Shanghai were selected and randomly divided into the experimental group (n=20) and the control group (n=16). The patients in the experimental group underwent yogalates comprehensive rehabilitation training, while the control group did not participate in yogalates course. Anthropometric measurements and the "Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI)" questionnaire were administered to both the experimental and control groups before and after the training sessions. RESULTS: The experimental group corrected the hunchback posture through yogalates training. Spine extension increased their height and decreased their BMI. The range of motion of upper arm joints in extension, bending and abduction increased. The peripheral diameter of the upper arm decreased, the grip strength increased, and the sleep quality gradually improved. CONCLUSION: (1)Prolonging the period of yogalates training stabilized and improve the physical and mental health of patients. (2)In yogalates course, providing proper guidance to patients for diaphragmatic breathing and incorporating yoga relaxation techniques can effectively enhance the sleep quality of patients.(3)Exercise regimens must be designed taking into account individual differences.

A Novel Anthropometric Parameter, Weight-Adjusted Waist Index Represents Sarcopenic Obesity in Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

Background: As the metabolic significance of sarcopenic obesity (SO) is revealed, finding an appropriate index to detect SO is important, especially for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with accompanying metabolic dysfunction. Methods: Participants (n=515) from the Korea Guro Diabetes Program were included to compare how well waist circumference (WC), waist hip ratio (WHR), waist height ratio (WHtR), and the weight-adjusted waist index (WWI) predict SO in newly diagnosed T2DM patients. Sarcopenia was defined based on guidelines from the 2019 Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia as both low muscle mass (appendicular skeletal muscle [ASM]/height2 <7.0 kg/m2 for men, <5.4 kg/m2 for women) and strength (handgrip strength <28.0 kg for men, <18.0 kg for women) and/or reduced physical performance (gait speed <1.0 m/sec). Obesity was defined as a WC ≥90 cm in men and ≥85 cm in women. The WHR, WHtR, and WWI were calculated by dividing the WC by the hip circumference, height, and √ weight, respectively. Results: The WC, WHR, and WHtR correlated positively with the fat and muscle mass represented by truncal fat amount (TFA) and ASM, whereas the WWI was proportional to the TFA and inversely related to ASM. Of the four indices, the WWI showed the highest area under the receiver operative characteristic curve for SO. The WWI also exhibited a positive correlation with albuminuria and the mean brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity, especially in patients aged ≥65 years. Conclusion: The WWI is the preferable anthropometric index for predicting SO in T2DM patients, and it might be a proper index for predicting cardiometabolic risk factors in elderly people.

The association between the body roundness index and the risk of colorectal cancer: a cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: Colorectal cancer (CRC), has a link between obesity, especially visceral fat. The body roundness index (BRI) can more accurately assess body fat and visceral fat levels. It is, however, unknown whether BRI is associated with CRC risk. METHODS: 53,766 participants were enrolled from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Analysing the corelation between BRI and CRC risk was performed using logistic regression. Stratified analyses revealed the association based on the population type. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was performed for predicting CRC risk using different anthropometric indices. RESULTS: The risk of CRC mounting apparently with elevated BRI for participants with CRC compared to normal participants (P-trend < 0.001). The association persisted even after adjusting for all covariates (P-trend = 0.017). In stratified analyses, CRC risk increased with increasing BRI, especially among those who were inactive (OR (95% CI): Q3 3.761 (2.139, 6.610), P < 0.05, Q4 5.972 (3.347, 8.470), P < 0.01), overweight (OR (95% CI): Q3 2.573 (1.012, 7.431), P < 0.05, Q4 3.318 (1.221, 9.020), P < 0.05) or obese (OR (95% CI): Q3 3.889 (1.829, 8.266), P < 0.001, Q4 4.920 (2.349, 10.308), P < 0.001). ROC curve showed that BRI had a better ability in forecasting the risk of CRC than other anthropometric indices such as body weight etc. (all P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: CRC risk and BRI have a positive and significant relationship, particularly in inactive participants with BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2. It is hoped that these results will raise awareness of the importance of reducing visceral fat deposition.

The effect of curcumin supplementation on weight loss and anthropometric indices: an umbrella review and updated meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials.

BACKGROUND: Curcumin supplementation may promote weight loss and ameliorate obesity-related complications through its antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties. OBJECTIVE: An umbrella review and updated meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was conducted to evaluate the effect of curcumin supplementation on anthropometric indices. METHODS: Systematic reviews and meta-analyses (SRMAs) of RCTs were identified from electronic databases (Medline, Scopus, Cochrane, and Google Scholar) up to 31 March, 2022, without language restriction. SRMAs were included if they assessed curcumin supplementation on any of the following: BMI, body weight (BW), or waist circumference (WC). Subgroup analyses were performed, stratifying by patient types, severity of obesity, and curcumin formula. The study protocol was a priori registered. RESULTS: From an umbrella review, 14 SRMAs with 39 individual RCTs were included with a high degree of overlap. In addition, searching was updated from the last search of included SRMAs in April 2021 up to 31 March, 2022, and we found 11 additional RCTs, bringing the total up to 50 RCTs included in the updated meta-analyses. Of these, 21 RCTs were deemed of high risk of bias. Curcumin supplementation significantly reduced BMI, BW, and WC with mean differences (MDs) of -0.24 kg/m2 (95% CI: -0.32, -0.16 kg/m2), -0.59 kg (95% CI: -0.81, -0.36 kg), and -1.32 cm (95% CI: -1.95, -0.69 cm), respectively. The bioavailability-enhanced form reduced BMI, BWs, and WC more, with MDs of -0.26 kg/m2 (95% CI: -0.38, -0.13 kg/m2), -0.80 kg (95% CI: -1.38, -0.23 kg) and -1.41 cm (95% CI: -2.24, -0.58 cm), respectively. Significant effects were also seen in subgroups of patients, especially in adults with obesity and diabetes. CONCLUSIONS: Curcumin supplementation significantly reduces anthropometric indices, and bioavailability-enhanced formulas are preferred. Augmenting curcumin supplement with lifestyle modification should be an option for weight reduction. This trial was registered at PROSPERO as CRD42022321112 (https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42022321112).

The effect of folic acid supplementation on body weight and body mass index: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Several trials have evaluated the effects of folate supplementation on obesity indices. However, their results were inconsistent. Therefore, the current meta-analysis was conducted to summarize data from available randomized clinical trials (RCTs) about the impact of folate supplementation on weight and body mass index (BMI). METHOD: Medline/PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and ISI web of science were searched to identify relevant articles up to December 2020. The effect sizes were expressed as weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) using the random-effects model. RESULTS: Pooled data from nine studies showed that folic acid supplementation did not change body weight (WMD: -0.16 kg, 95%CI: -0.47 to 0.16, P = 0.32) and BMI (WMD: -0.23 kg/m2, 95%CI: -0.49 to 0.03, P = 0.31), but there was significant heterogeneity between the included studies for BMI (I2 = 90.1%, P < 0.001). Moreover, subgroup analyses in level of homocysteine and health status indicated significant effect of folic acid supplementation on BMI in those with homocysteine level ≥15 µmol/L (WMD: -0.17 kg/cm2, -0.33 to -0.01, p = 0.03) and in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) (WMD: - 0.30kg/cm2, -0.54 to -0.06, p = 0.01). CONCLUSION: Our outcomes demonstrated that folic acid improves BMI in those with homocysteine levels ≥15 µmol/L and women with PCOS.

Anthropometric indexes for predicting high blood pressure in Turkish adults.

Purpose: It is controversial which anthropometric indexes are the best in predicting the risk of hypertension and how anthropometric measurements are related to blood pressure (BP). This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between BP and anthropometric indexes and to determine the best predictors for hypertension risk. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted with 415 consecutive participants (161 men, mean age: 33.4 years) aged 18-88 years in Istanbul, Turkey. Weight, height, waist circumference (WC), and neck circumference (NC) and BP were measured by well-trained personnel. Waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) and body mass index (BMI) were calculated. Pearson correlation, linear regression, and multivariate analyses were used to assess the relationship between anthropometric measurements and SBP, DBP, using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 23.0. Results: The systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) were related to weight, WC, NC, BMI, and WHtR (P < 0.05). Linear regression analyses showed BMI and WC as independent risk factors for SBP with an increase by 1.11 mmHg in men (P = 0.036) and 1.59 mmHg in women (P = 0.001) in SBP when BMI increased 1 unit, while SBP increases by 0.2 mmHg when WC increases by 1 unit regardless of gender (P = 0.013). Conclusion: Our results showed that BMI and WC are related to BP and important predictors of hypertension risk. Therefore, the uses of BMI and WC are recommended as screening tools for the prediction of hypertension risk among Turkish adults.

Effects of blood flow restriction training on anthropometric and blood lipids in overweight/obese adults: Meta-analysis.

Purpose: To systematically evaluate the effects of blood flow restriction training (BFRT) on anthropometric indicators and blood lipids in overweight/obese adults. Methods: A literature search was conducted on PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Scopus, SPORTDiscus and Cochrane Library databases to determine the final literature based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Review Manager 5.4.1 was used to evaluate the quality of the literature based on the Cochrane bias risk assessment tool, and Stata 17.0 software was used for Meta-analysis. Results: A total of 3,985 articles were screened, and five of the studies were included in the Meta-analysis, with a total 66 participants. In each study, subjects were measured before and after BFRT. Meta-results showed that BFRT significantly reduced BMI, lowered body weight, body fat % and waist circumference, significantly reduced total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) level, lowered triglycerides, and increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) level in overweight/obese adults. Conclusion: BFRT can be used as a safe and effective exercise prescription for personalized weight/fat loss. BFRT significantly reduces BMI by reducing body weight, body fat %, and waist circumference and has the effect of improving body composition. It also significantly reduced TC and LDL-C and tends to decrease TG and increase HDL-C in overweight/obese adults, potentially reducing the incidence of cardiovascular disease.

Association Between Anthropometric Indices and Skeletal-Muscle Atrophy in Chinese Patients with Stable Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Purpose: Anthropometric indices are simple indicators of patient nutritional status. However, the association between these indices and skeletal-muscle atrophy in patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has not been fully investigated. In this study, we evaluated this association. Patients and Methods: We recruited 123 outpatients with stable COPD from a general hospital in China from 2020 to 2021. We recorded their demographic characteristics, including age, sex, course of illness, dyspnea score, body mass index (BMI), force expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), smoking status, and severity grading. In addition, patients' anthropometric indices, including fat-free mass index (FFMI) and appendicular skeletal-muscle mass index (ASMI), were measured using a body composition analyzer, and measurements were taken of the triceps skinfold (TSF), midarm circumference (MAC), and calf circumference (CC). We drew and analyzed a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve to identify the best intercept point value for the assessment of skeletal-muscle atrophy. Results: The TSF, MAC, CC, FFMI, and ASMI of COPD patients were 1.08 ± 0.44 cm, 26.39 ± 2.92 cm, 34.5 ± 3.06 cm, 17.49 ± 1.86 kg/m2, and 8.17 ± 0.90 kg/m2, respectively. These anthropometric indices had a significant positive correlation with skeletal-muscle mass (correlation values, 0.481-0.820). CC was strongly correlated with both FFMI and ASMI. The ROC curve showed an area-under-the-curve (AUC) value of 0.873-0.959. Conclusion: Anthropometric indices were correlated with skeletal-muscle mass. CC showed the best diagnostic value in COPD patients, suggesting its effectiveness as a simple method for assessing skeletal-muscle atrophy and identifying patients with a noticeable reduction in muscle mass. Such patients require early, multidisciplinary intervention.

Comparative analysis of the association between traditional and lipid-related obesity indicators and isolated systolic hypertension : Association of obesity indicators with ISH.

BACKGROUND: Obesity is a well-known modified risk factor for isolated systolic hypertension (ISH), but evidence is lacking regarding whether the combination of anthropometric and lipid indicators could strengthen their correlation with ISH. Therefore, we compared the association of body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), visceral adiposity index (VAI), lipid accumulation product index (LAP), and cardiometabolic index (CMI) with ISH. METHODS: A total of 106,248 adults who received routine health screening and did not have diastolic blood pressure ≥ 90 mmHg were recruited in this cross-sectional study. The associations between these indicators and ISH were evaluated using multivariate regression. RESULTS: Each standard deviation (SD) increase in traditional obesity indicators (especially WHR and WHtR) had significantly higher multivariate-adjusted odds ratios (ORs) than each SD increase in lipid-related obesity indicators. In addition, multivariate-adjusted ORs for ISH in the third (vs. the first) tertile of traditional obesity indicators were also significantly higher than those of lipid-related indicators. Moreover, traditional obesity indicators exhibited a higher area under the ROC curve for discriminating ISH than lipid-related obesity indicators. CONCLUSIONS: Traditional obesity indicators were more strongly associated with ISH than lipid-related obesity indicators among Chinese adults.

Comparative analysis of anthropometric indices with serum uric acid in Iranian healthy population.

BACKGROUND: The relationship between elevated serum uric acid (SUA) levels and hypertension, metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease has been established. In this study, the relation of SUA levels to anthropometric indices, blood cell count and lipid profile was examined. METHODS: Anthropometric parameters including body-mass index, waist circumference, waist to height ratio, waist to hip ratio, waist to pelvic ratio, neck circumference (NC), body fat mass (BFM), basal metabolic rate (BMR), visceral fat level (VFL) and percent body fat (PBF), along with complete blood cell count, lipid profile and SUA were obtained from 2921 young and middle-aged Iranian healthy subjects. To assess the normality of data, the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used. Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis, Chi-square and Spearman correlation tests were used for evaluating the association between variables. Simple and multiple regression analyses were also performed. RESULTS: The results of data analysis showed all studied factors were correlated with SUA level except VFL, BFM, and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio. The highest correlation was with NC, BMR, hematocrits (HCT) and triglycerides (TG). The backward method revealed that TG, LDL, HDL, neutrophil, lymphocyte, platelet, HCT, BMR and skinfold fat thickness were factors related to SUA. CONCLUSIONS: According to the finding of this study, SUA level is related to anthropometric indices, lipid profile and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio in healthy population. SUA measurement might be advisable to identify those at increased risk of health problems whom might benefit from further evaluation.

Accuracy of different cutoffs of the waist-to-height ratio as a screening tool for cardiometabolic risk in children and adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis of diagnostic test accuracy studies.

The present systematic review with meta-analysis sought to estimate the accuracy of different waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) cutoff ranges as risk indicators for cardiometabolic health in different populations of children and adolescents. Systematic searches were undertaken to identify studies in apparently healthy participants aged 3-18 years that conducted receiver operating characteristic curve analysis and reported area under the receiver operating characteristic curves for WHtR with any cardiometabolic biomarker. Forty-one cross-sectional studies were included in the meta-analysis, including 138,561 young individuals (50% girls). Higher area under summary receiver operating characteristic (AUSROC) values were observed in cutoffs between 0.46 and 0.50 (AUSROC = 0.83, 95%CI: 0.80-0.86) and ≥0.51 (AUSROC = 0.87, 95%CI: 0.84-0.90) (p < 0.001 in comparison with cutoffs 0.41 to 0.45), with similar results in both sexes. The AUSROC value increased in the East and Southeast Asian regions using a WHtR cutoff of ≥0.46 (AUSROC = 0.90, 95%CI: 0.87 to 0.92). A cutoff of ≥0.54 was optimal for the Latin American region (AUSROC = 0.96, 95%CI: 0.94-0.97). Our meta-analysis identified optimal cutoff values of WHtR for use in children and adolescents from different regions. Despite the widely accepted WHtR cutoff of 0.50, the present study indicated that a single cutoff value of WHtR may be inappropriate.

Correlation of anthropometric index and cardiopulmonary exercise testing in children with pectus excavatum.

BACKGROUND: Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) is a method used to evaluate functional impairment of patients with various diseases. OBJECTIVE: The objective was to use CPET to estimate the usability of anthropometric index (AI) in patients with pectus excavatum (PE) as a marker of functional impairment caused by chest deformity. METHODS: The study included 32 paediatric patients (28 males) with PE. Patients underwent CPET using a breath-by-breath exhaled gas analysis method and continuous monitoring of cardiac parameters. RESULTS: In both groups, two (overall four) patients met criteria for cardiogenic limitation (low VO2 and low O2Pulse). Mean VO2/WR was below two standard deviations (2SD) in patients with less severe PE; other observed parameters were within normal limits (Z-score ± 2 SD). The AI had no observed correlation with peak ventilation, VO2peak and peak workload. CONCLUSION: The obtained CPET data do not correlate well with the severity of chest deformity expressed with AI. There were similar physical activity limitations in both examined groups of patients and they did not depend on the severity of the deformity.

The A Body Shape Index Might Be a Stronger Predictor of Chronic Kidney Disease Than BMI in a Senior Population.

The A Body Shape Index (ABSI) was recently introduced to quantify abdominal adiposity relative to the body mass index (BMI) and height. This cross-sectional study was performed to explore whether the ABSI is linked to chronic kidney disease (CKD) in older adults and compare the predictive capacity of the ABSI versus BMI for CKD. In total, 7053 people aged ≥ 60 years were divided into normal, mild, and moderate-to-severe CKD groups based on their estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). The correlation of the ABSI with the eGFR and the differences and trends in the ABSI and BMI among the groups were analyzed, and the cutoff points for moderate-to-severe CKD were calculated. The association between the ABSI and CKD was stronger than that between the BMI and CKD. The ABSI had a better capacity to discriminate the CKD stage than did the BMI. The capacity of the ABSI to predict moderate-to-severe CKD was higher than that of the BMI and was more substantial in women than men. The ABSI cutoff points for CKD were ≥0.0822 and 0.0795 in men and women, respectively. In conclusion, the ABSI serves as a better index than the BMI for screening and detecting high-risk individuals with CKD.

Anthropometric predictors for cardiovascular risk in Indigenous women in Mexico: an inexpensive alternative in rural clinical practice.

INTRODUCTION: Cardiovascular diseases are one of the leading causes of death in Mexico. Although the use of anthropometric indicators facilitates the diagnosis of cardiovascular risk (CVR), their use is limited in rural communities with limited resources. This article evaluated and demonstrated predictive capacity of three anthropometric indexes for CVR in Indigenous women in Mexico from Matlatzinca ethnic group. METHODS: A cross-sectional study of 93 Indigenous women was carried out. CVR was calculated with the Framingham risk score and used as the reference method by comparing it with waist circumference (WC), conicity index (CoI) and waist-height index (WHI). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to analyze the area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity and specificity for each anthropometric index. RESULTS: Cut-off points (and AUC) for each anthropometric index were WHI 0.63 (0.763), CoI 1.29 (0.756) and WC 91 (0.663). CONCLUSION: In this population, WHI presented the greatest discrimination power; it was considered the best predictor of CVR because of its high sensitivity. It was demonstrated that the anthropometric indexes WC, CoI and WHI could be used in clinical practice in rural areas without sufficient resources for serological tests.

Associations between traditional and non-traditional anthropometric indices and cardiometabolic risk factors among inpatients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional study.

OBJECTIVE: We aimed to evaluate whether traditional and non-traditional adiposity indicators are associated with cardiometabolic risk factors among adult patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). METHODS: In this cross-sectional study among 240 inpatients with type 2 DM, we determined traditional anthropometric indicators including body mass index, waist circumference, hip circumference (HC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), waist-to-height ratio, and non-traditional anthropometric indicators including lipid accumulation product (LAP), visceral adiposity index (VAI), deep abdominal adipose tissue (DAAT), and Després indices. Lipid profile, fasting blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), systolic blood pressure (SBP), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were measured to evaluate cardiometabolic parameters. RESULTS: In overweight patients, DAAT was positively correlated with total triglycerides. LAP was negatively correlated with serum HDL-C levels. WHR and DAAT were associated with total triglycerides, HbA1c, total cholesterol, total cholesterol/HDL-C, and total triglycerides/HDL-C, after adjustment for age and duration of disease. VAI, DAAT, LAP, and Després index were significant determinants of lipid profile and SBP. CONCLUSION: Traditional and non-traditional anthropometric indices are associated with cardiometabolic risk factors in patients with type 2 DM.

Associations Between Thyroid Volume and Physical Growth in Pubertal Girls: Thyroid Volume Indexes Need to Be Applied to Thyroid Volume Assessments.

Background: Thyroid volume (Tvol) is associated with many factors, but the current reference values for Tvol in children with sufficient iodine intake are inappropriate and need to be updated. Moderate changes in thyroid morphology and accentuated increases in body fat percentage occur during puberty as an adaption of the body and sexual development occurs. This study aimed to evaluate the influences of physical growth on Tvol and propose an easily applicable method for conducting Tvol assessments in pubertal girls with sufficient iodine intake.Methods: A cohort study was conducted on 481 pubertal girls in East China from 2017 to 2019. B-ultrasound was used to assess Tvol. Multiple linear regression models were used to estimate the associations of Tvol enlargement (dTvol) with changes in height (dH), weight (dW), waist circumference (dW), body mass index (dBMI), and body surface area (dBSA). Thyroid volume indexes (TVIs), including height thyroid volume index (HVI), weight and height thyroid volume index (WHVI), body mass index thyroid index (BMIV), and body surface area thyroid index (BSAV), were calculated to explore an appropriate method for Tvol assessments by Spearman correlation analyses. Results: Tvol, height, weight, BMI, and BSA increased significantly from baseline to follow-up (P<0.001). The associations between dTvol and physical growth were only observed in the 13 to 14-year-old group. dH, dW,dBMI, and dBSA were positively related to dTvol, with the maximum ß of 5.74 (95%CI: 2.54 to 8.94) on dBSA, while dWC was negatively related to dTvol (ß= -0.05, 95%CI: -0.08 to -0.03). Both dHVI and dBSAV were not associated with dH, dW, dBMI, or dBSA in both age groups (P>0.05). Conclusions: Thyroid volume was associated with physical growth in pubertal girls in East China, both age and anthropometric measurements must be comprehensively considered to establish the reference values for Tvol. HVI, and BSAV may be better indicators for Tvol assessments in pubertal girls.

Identification of Hepatic Steatosis in Premenopausal and Postmenopausal Women Based on Phenotypes Combining Triglyceride Levels and Anthropometric Indices: A Cross-Sectional Study.

BACKGROUND: The hypertriglyceridemic waist phenotype (HWP) has exhibited a strong association with metabolic syndrome, a condition closely linked with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, no study has investigated whether the HWP can accurately predict NAFLD among premenopausal and postmenopausal women or whether alternative anthropometric indexes could replace waist circumference (WC) in the HWP. We examined the power of phenotypes combining triglyceride (TG) levels with anthropometric indexes such as body mass index (BMI), WC, waist-to-hip ratio, waist-to-height ratio, and percent body fat, to detect NAFLD among premenopausal and postmenopausal women. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study of 1125 premenopausal women and 654 postmenopausal women who had received an annual health checkup. For all the participating women, we measured both anthropometric and biochemical indexes, such as serum lipid levels. NAFLD diagnoses were made on the basis of abdominal ultrasonography findings. The receiver operating characteristic curve and area under the curve (AUC) were used to evaluate the indicators' ability to detect NAFLD. RESULTS: Among the indicators of hepatic steatosis, the combined phenotypes of TG level (≥1.50 mmol/L) and BMI (≥24.0 kg/m2) exhibited the largest AUC (0.841, 95%confidence interval [CI] 0.812-0.871, P< 0.001) for premenopausal women, whereas WC alone exhibited the highest predictive potential (0.765, 95% CI 0.729-0.801, P< 0.001) for postmenopausal women. CONCLUSION: Out of all the phenotypes combining a single anthropometric index with TG level or WC and TG level, the combination of TG level and BMI was the best indicator of NAFLD for premenopausal women. For screening NAFLD in postmenopausal women, WC alone was superior to all other indicators.

Weight-adjusted waist index reflects fat and muscle mass in the opposite direction in older adults.

BACKGROUND: Age-related changes in body composition include decreased muscle mass and preserved or increased fat mass. There is no anthropometric index to assess both muscle and fat mass. METHODS: Using a cross-sectional sample of 602 participants aged ≥65 years from the Ansan Geriatric study, we evaluated the association of weight-adjusted waist index (WWI) with muscle and fat mass and compared these with body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC). WWI was calculated as WC (cm) divided by the square root of body weight (kg). Body composition was measured using bioelectrical impedance analysis, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and abdominal computed tomography. RESULTS: WWI positively correlated with total abdominal fat area (TFA) (r = 0.421, P < 0.001), visceral fat area (VFA) (r = 0.264, P < 0.001), and percentage of total tissue fat (r = 0.465, P < 0.001), but negatively correlated with appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM) (r = -0.511, P < 0.001) and ASM/height2 (r = -0.324, P < 0.001). Mean ASM was highest in the first quartile of WWI (17.85 kg/m2) and showed a decreasing trend, with the lowest value in the fourth WWI quartile (13.21 kg/m2, P for trend <0.001). In contrast, mean TFA was lowest in the first quartile and highest in the fourth WWI quartile (P for trend <0.001). The probability of combined low muscle mass and high fat mass was >3× higher in the fourth WWI quartile than in the lowest quartile (odds ratio 3.22, 95% confidence interval 1.32-7.83). CONCLUSIONS: WWI is an anthropometric index positively associated with fat mass and negatively associated with muscle mass in older adults.

Head circumference in infants with nonopiate-induced neonatal abstinence syndrome.

BACKGROUND: No relationship has been reported between nonopiate neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) and anthropometric indices, including head circumference (HC). The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between maternal nonopioid drug use and HC at birth in neonates with NAS. METHODS: This retrospective observational study included neonates born between January 1, 2010 and March 31, 2019, whose mothers had been taking antipsychotic, antidepressant, sedative, or anticonvulsant medications. The outcome measures were HCs of NAS infants and controls. RESULTS: Of 159 infants, 33 (21%) were diagnosed with NAS. There was no maternal opioid use among mothers during pregnancy. The HCs in the NAS group were significantly smaller than those in the control group. The median z-scores for HC at birth were -0.20 and 0.29 in the NAS group and the control group, respectively (P = .011). The median HCs at birth were 33.0 and 33.5 cm in the NAS group and the control group, respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed that maternal antipsychotic drug use and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors were independently associated with NAS (P < .001 and P = .004, respectively). Notably, benzodiazepine use and smoking were not independent risk factors. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest an association between maternal antipsychotic drug use and NAS, which was further associated with decreased HC. Careful monitoring of maternal drug use should be considered to improve fetal outcomes.